https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/33 Policy, political, governance and other local, national and international efforts, initiatives to combat climate change 2026-04-06T14:10:55Z https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/550 Impacts of Government Policies on Pastoralist Livelihoods in the Semi- Arid Areas of Tanzania Shem, Martin. N. Nearly eighty percent of the land in Tanzania is classified as semi-arid and the main source of livelihood in these areas is pastoralism and agro-pastoralism. Pastoralism in Tanzania is, however, under threat from the effects of human settlement and state encroachment in favour of wildlife conservation all which are increasingly forcing pastoralists off their traditional lands. The growth of the livestock population has also led to increased movement of large herds of livestock to areas which traditionally had few livestock, such as Mbeya, Iringa, Morogoro, Rukwa and Coast Regions, creating serious land use conflicts and violence between pastoralists and crop farmers. Other pressures include poor infrastructure, hostile market mechanisms and unfavourable government development policies. Most public policies do not actively support adaptation mechanisms that allow sustainable development of rangelands and are generally hostile to pastoralism. As a result, pastoralists are faced by poverty due to the negative effects of climate change like droughts and unusual rainfall patterns all which increase conflicts over dwindling natural land resources. The following key policy, socio-economic problems and their impact on pastoralism are analysed in this paper. • Performance of public policies for adaptation and sustainable development of natural resources in Tanzania; • Shrinking grazing lands due to human population and wildlife needs pressures • Breakdown of traditional institutions governing the pastoralists way of life It is concluded that with the right policies, economic plans that support it, pastoralism could be a viable and sustainable livelihood that could support many. At the same time it is also recognised that viable and sustainable alternative livelihood activities should be encouraged. Finally, it is recommended that public policies that strike a balance between restricted mobility and rangeland resources conservation, maintain pastoralist traditional institutions and adaptation to severe impacts of climate change are necessary. 2010-08-16T00:00:00Z https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/549 Tanzania environment and climate change policy brief Environmental Economics Unit (EEU) This environment and climate change policy brief aims to summarize the main environment challenges, constraints and opportunities related to poverty reduction and economic development for Tanzania and Swedish government thematic priority environment and climate which includes four focus areas; (i) climate change adaptation (ii) energy (iii) environment and security and, (iv) water. The concept environment is seen in a broad sense, including i,a, ecosystem services, climate change, and disaster risk reduction. The policy brief is serving as an input to the Swedish Poverty and Development Assessment (PDA) process for Tanzania, which in turn will provide the point of departure for the upcoming Swedish Cooperation Strategy for Tanzania 2017-10-16T00:00:00Z https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/547 National climate change communication strategy (2012-2017) Government of Tanzania Climate change has the potential to impact negatively on almost all sectors of the economy. Tanzania like other African countries has been experiencing impacts of climate change which includes severe floods, frequent and prolonged droughts, sea level rise, declining crop yields, loss of livestock, decreased water availability as well as increase in vector and water-borne diseases. In recognizing the devastating impacts of climate change, the Government has put in place a number of initiatives in order to address the challenges of climate change. Some of these initiatives include enactment of the Environmental Management Act, 2004; development of the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2007; MKUKUTA II; National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan (NASAP), 2009; and National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS), 2012. There are also various sectoral initiatives that aim at addressing the impacts of climate change and strengthen resilience of communities. Despite these initiatives, the level of awareness and understanding of climate change issues among stakeholders is still very low at all levels.One of the major reasons for this is the absence of national climate change communication mechanism to enable effective communication of climate change knowledge. This National Climate Change Communication Strategy is intended to enhance climate change awareness in the society. It focuses on six thematic areas namely,general knowledge on climate change, adaptation, mitigation, climate change research, gender and financing. The Strategy provides a framework for generating and delivering key climate change messages to targeted audiences within the context of the national communication channels and procedure. I therefore call upon all stakeholders at all levels in the country to use effectively this Communication Strategy in climate change. The effective use of communication strategy will ensure a better understanding of the implications of climate change to the Tanzanian community and how best to benefit from the initiatives related to mitigating climate change at national level and globally Available in print and electronic format 2017-10-16T00:00:00Z https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/546 Guidelines for integrating climate change adaptation into national sectoral policies, plans and programmes of Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania Climate change is a global problem posing challenges to the survival of mankind and sustainable development. It poses a serious risk to poverty reduction efforts and threatens to undo decades of development efforts. The impacts of climate change are and will continue to be more pronounced in poor countries. Severe impacts such as floods, frequent and prolonged droughts, reduced water supply, decline in crop yields,increased vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, rising sea level leading to displacement of people and disruption of both terrestrial and marine ecosystems as well as other important natural habitats, are already experienced at various magnitudes. While climate change has global impacts, poor countries and communities are the most vulnerable because of their high dependence on natural resources that are directly impacted by climate change. They have limited adaptive capacity and in some cases their geographical location contributes to their vulnerability. These are the same countries struggling to deal with poverty and environmental degradation, desertification and waste management challenges. In Tanzania, the impacts of global warming which is one of the major Climate change symptoms in terms of increased average global temperature; are already evident in almost all sectors of the economy and throughout the country. Given that Tanzania’s economic base is dependent on the climate sensitive natural resources, this makes the country highly vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change. Some examples of such impacts include: severe and recurring droughts in recent years which have triggered economically devastating power crisis and massive deaths of livestock; severe floods in areas like those happened in Dar es salaam in December 2011, leaving thousands of people displaced; inundation of small islands and intrusion of sea water into fresh water systems in coastal areas of Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar; prolonged droughts in some parts of the country leading to food insecurity. Thus the loss of human, natural, financial, social and physical capital, due to climate change impacts,pose a challenge to the national efforts to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and places poverty reduction efforts in jeopardy. Cognizant of the continued challenges and impacts of climate change, the Government has put in place a number of initiatives. Some of these include the enactment of the Environmental Management Act (Cap. 191) which provides for addressing climate change in a legal basis, development and implementation of the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA),formulation of MKUKUTA II and the National climate change Adaptation Action Plan. In addition, the Government is finalizing the National Climate Change Strategy. There are also various sectoral initiatives that aim at addressing the impacts of climate change and strengthening the resilience of communities. In order to strengthen the national adaptive capacity to effectively manage the impacts of climate change, integrating climate change adaptation issues into the sectoral policies, plans and programmes is absolutely crucial. Climate change resilient policies iii and measures will enable the country to tackle climate change impacts in a more concerted manner. It is against this background, the Vice President’s Office has developed these Guidelines with a purpose of providing practical guidance on how Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and Non State Actors should integrate climate change adaptation into sectoral policies, plans and programmes. It is my sincere hope that these Guidelines will be very useful in integrating climate change adaptation issues in respective sectoral policies, plans and programmes. I urge you to use these Guidelines in undertaking the Climate Change integration activities in order to make our development policies and measures climate resilient. 2017-10-16T00:00:00Z