Social-economics of Climate Change
https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/34
Social, economic, cultural issues related to cc. e.g. gender and cc, indigenous knowledge and cc2024-03-29T14:22:17ZLand use change patterns and root causes on the southern slopes of Mountain Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/539
Land use change patterns and root causes on the southern slopes of Mountain Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Mbonile, Milline; Misana, Salome; Sokoni, Cosmas
This study was undertaken as part of the project on land use change analysis as an approach for investigating biodiversity loss and land degradation, being implemented in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. A case study approach was adopted for the entire project to facilitate comparison of geographically different but analytically similar land use situations, taking into consideration the complex linkage and interactions between society and environment, reflecting the economic, social and political processes and the physical environment. The objective was to analyse the patterns and trends in land use change and to identify the root causes of land use change leading to changes in biodiversity and land degradation. Mount Kilimanjaro (Plate 1), specifically the southern and south-eastern slopes of the mountain, was selected as the case study site for Tanzania because of the extensive land use changes that have occurred there, particularly on the southern slopes since the 1900s. This paper describes the patterns of land use change and analyses the root causes or driving forces that underlie the changes in land use.
2017-09-27T00:00:00ZEocene dry climate and woodland vegetation in tropical Africa reconstructed from fossil leaves from northern Tanzania
https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/441
Eocene dry climate and woodland vegetation in tropical Africa reconstructed from fossil leaves from northern Tanzania
Jacobsa, Bonnie F; Herendeenb, Patrick S
Eocene vegetation and climate data from tropical latitudes are sparse despite special interest in the Eocene as the warmest epoch of the Cenozoic and an often-cited analogue for greenhouse Earth conditions. Tropical Africa is noteworthy for its shortage of Eocene fossils, which could serve as proxies for climate and reveal community structural evolution during the continent’s geographic isolation. In this paper, we report paleobotanical remains from a middle Eocene crater lake at 128S paleolatitude in north central Tanzania, which provide a plant community reconstruction indicating wooded, rather than forest, vegetation and precipitation estimates near modern (660 mm/year). The plant community was dominated by caesalpinioid legumes and was physiognomically comparable to modern miombo woodland. Paleoprecipitation estimates, the first for the Paleogene of Africa, are calculated from fossil leaf morphology using regression equations derived from modern low-latitude leaves and climate. Mean annual precipitation estimates are 643F32 and 776F39 mm/year, and wet months precipitation estimates (all months averagingz50 mm) are 630F38 and 661F38 mm. A slightly larger proportion of annual precipitation occurred in the dry months compared with today, which may indicate greater equability of precipitation in the
Eocene.
2004-07-06T00:00:00ZSocio-economic and ecological dimensions of climate variability and change for agropastoral communities in central Tanzania
https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/440
Socio-economic and ecological dimensions of climate variability and change for agropastoral communities in central Tanzania
Maleko, David D; Mtengeti, Ephraim J; Sangeda, Anthony Z
A study was conducted in 2012 in Gairo district, central Tanzania with aim to assess the socio-economic and ecological factors influencing the agro-pastoral communities in responding to the prevailing climate variability and change. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a combination of methods including structured interviews, focused group discussions and personal observations. Quantitative data were analyzed by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM 20 computer program whilst qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. A multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between socio-economic factors as independent variables and perceptions on variability and change of rainfall as a dependent variable. Climate variability and change was found to increase death of animals due to inadequate pasture and water especially during dry season. It was further unfolded that human conflicts due to grazing in unauthorized areas and decreased crop yield and failure incidences are increasing. Women were seen in many ways to be more vulnerable to climate variability and change than men due to their household roles and dominancy of male in decision making regarding household assets at times of famine. A number of adaption and coping strategies were spontaneously practiced across the study area to cope with water related stresses in crop and livestock production. The coping strategies include shifting cultivation, vegetable gardens, pasture trekking, digging boreholes in sand rivers, mixed cropping including earlier maturing crops (groundnuts) and drought resistant crops such as sorghum. Therefore, there is a need to undertake capacity building activities to agro-pastoral communities for increased awareness of the effects of climate changes, and improved capacity to understand and deal with climatic change impacts. Also, training in agro-ecological technologies and practices for the conservation of soil and water resources in order to improve their adaptation and mitigation capacity.
2013-12-25T00:00:00ZClimate volatility and poverty vulnerability in Tanzania
https://www.taccire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/433
Climate volatility and poverty vulnerability in Tanzania
Ahmeda, Syud Amer; Diffenbaugh, Noah S; Hertel, Thomas W; Lobell, David B; Ramankutty, Navin; Rios, Ana R; Rowhani, Pedram
Climate volatility could change in the future, with important implications for agricultural productivity. For Tanzania, where food production and prices are sensitive to climate, changes in climate volatility could have severe implications for poverty. This study uses climate model projections, statistical crop models, and general equilibrium economic simulations to determine how the vulnerability of Tanzania’s population to impoverishment by climate variability could change between the late 20th Century and the early 21st Century. Under current climate volatility, there is potential for a range of possible poverty outcomes, although in the most extreme of circumstances, poverty could increase by as many as 650,000 people due to an extreme interannual decline in grain yield. However, scenarios of future climate from multiple climate models indicate no consensus on future changes in temperature or rainfall volatility, so that either an increase or decrease is plausible. Scenarios with the largest increases in climate volatility are projected to render Tanzanians increasingly vulnerable to poverty through impacts on staple grains production in agriculture, with as many as 90,000 additional people entering poverty on average. Under the scenario where precipitation volatility decreases, poverty vulnerability decreases, highlighting the possibility of climate changes that oppose the ensemble mean, leading to poverty impacts of opposite sign. The results suggest that evaluating potential changes in volatility and not just the mean climate state may be important for analyzing the poverty implications of climate change.
2015-07-28T00:00:00Z